Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Varied Efficacy and Safety Across Surgical and Non-Surgical Scenarios

Antibiotic prophylaxis is generally effective in reducing infections during surgical and non-surgical procedures. However, evidence from an umbrella review of randomized controlled trials shows that its efficacy varies across different scenarios. For most surgeries, antibiotic prophylaxis is beneficial, but there is limited evidence for certain procedures. In non-surgery invasive procedures, antibiotic prophylaxis shows low certainty benefits. It is more effective in non-emergency medical prophylaxis situations, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems or a risk of recurrent infections. However, antibiotic resistance and adverse events are potential concerns.