Advanced surgical care is essential for long-duration space missions beyond Earth, especially for complex cases.

• Surgical skills remain effective in reduced gravity when operators, patients, and instruments are secured.
• Robotic surgery shows promise but faces obstacles including size, weight, and crew training needs.

Surgeons must prepare for unique challenges of operating in space, focusing on compact, multifunctional systems.

• AI-driven technologies will enhance decision-making and communication in the space environment.