Effective teamwork in the OR is critical for patient safety and surgical success.

• Key facilitators include professional skills, team familiarity, and effective leadership.
• Major barriers involve individualistic behavior, hierarchical culture, and inadequate resources.

Surgeons should focus on cultivating competencies and positive team dynamics while addressing systemic issues to enhance collaboration and improve perioperative outcomes.

• Interventions should promote role awareness and create a patient-centered culture to optimize teamwork.