The use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) provides a new framework for evaluating surgical residents, improving assessment and support for trainee competencies.

• 58.2% of residents achieved readiness for appendicitis by PGY-3; other procedures like gallbladder disease saw 86.6% readiness by PGY-4.
• Early performance in soft tissue infections showed 54.8% at PGY-2 reaching indirect supervision.

This insight allows for better tailoring of training programs, ensuring residents meet key competencies sooner, impacting how surgical programs can optimize education delivery.