Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition with increasing prevalence worldwide and a high economic burden. Despite proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, a significant number of patients remain symptomatic. This review highlights the importance of differentiating between unproven GERD and refractory GERD, and provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic workup and personalized management strategies for refractory GERD. Proper diagnosis and management of refractory GERD is crucial to prevent long-term complications such as strictures, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Review by Davis TA and Gyawali CP in J Neurogastroenterol Motil