Augmented Reality Improves Accuracy in Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Intraparenchymal Tumors

Augmented reality (AR) guidance significantly improves accuracy in laparoscopic liver resection for intraparenchymal tumors. The average pointing error for tumor localization was 29.4 mm for the laparoscope axis and 9.2 mm for the operator port axis, with errors increasing with tumor depth. While there was no significant dependency on tumor size, AR projection towards the operator port enhanced guidance precision, facilitating access to posterior liver lesions and reducing surgical trauma.