Metabolic syndrome increases cholangiocarcinoma risk significantly.

A large-scale population-based cohort study involving 4,932,211 adults revealed that individuals with metabolic syndrome face a significantly heightened risk of cholangiocarcinoma, with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.20. During 35,879,371 person-years of follow-up, there were 6,117 identified cases, with incidence rates rising in correlation with the number of metabolic components. Those with five metabolic factors had a hazard ratio of 1.67. Effective management of metabolic syndrome may lower cholangiocarcinoma occurrence.