Mastery of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy improves beyond initial learning curve

Cumulative sum analysis in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy showed that surgeon proficiency continues to evolve beyond the initial learning phase. In a review of 381 patients, significant improvements were noted across operative time, blood loss, length of stay, and postoperative complications over three defined phases. Notably, operative time and blood loss saw proficiency achieved after hundreds of cases, while a peak in conversions from laparoscopic to open surgery occurred during the transition from the second to the third phase.