Enhancing Surgical Ergonomics: Literature Review and Practical Illustrations for Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic-Assisted Surgery

Addressing the high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in surgery, this study reviews existing literature on surgical ergonomics. Collaborating with surgeons, the researchers create practical pictorial reminders for open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted surgical settings. These illustrations, derived from evidence-based ergonomic recommendations, are evaluated for practicality by residents and surgeons. The resulting visual guidelines aim to facilitate ergonomic education, improve awareness of ergonomic risks, and enhance operative postures across different surgical modalities.