The study explores terminology, classification, and significance of dysplasia and early carcinoma in the gallbladder and bile ducts. Most precursor lesions and early cancerous changes are clinically undetectable. Low-grade dysplasia is challenging to define and lacks clinical significance, but additional sampling is required to exclude significant lesions. High-grade dysplasia (carcinoma in situ) necessitates complete sampling to rule out invasion. Visible masses (intracholecystic and intraductal neoplasms) account for 5% to 10% of invasive cancers. Different subtypes of neoplasms exhibit varying clinical behavior, with some having a protracted clinical course and others leading to mortality.
Review by Adsay NV and Basturk O in Gastroenterol Clin North Am
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.