Disparities in Presentation and Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Cancer by Sex and Race/Ethnicity

Male and non-white patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) are more likely to present with advanced disease, including larger tumors and distant metastases. They also experience longer delays in receiving surgical treatment and are less likely to undergo guideline-concordant surgery. Black patients, in particular, are at a higher risk of disparities in disease presentation and management compared to white patients.