2-stage management with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) showed the shortest operation duration, lowest long-term complications, and lowest costs compared to 1-stage and preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) strategies. All groups achieved successful stone clearance, with group 3 demonstrating superior outcomes in terms of hospital stays, complications, and cost-effectiveness. Both management approaches were effective, but LCBDE offered significant benefits in patient outcomes.
Journal Article by Zhou J, Chen Y (…) Chen Q et 3 al. in J Clin Gastroenterol
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