Significant causal effects of genetically predicted cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and cholecystectomy on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were identified, with odds ratios of 1.04, 1.06, and 2.56, respectively. Additionally, the study confirmed a bidirectional relationship, where GERD also influences the likelihood of developing cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. Mediation analyses showed that both biliary disorders and GERD partially mediate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on each other, emphasizing the intertwined nature of these conditions.
Journal Article by Lin H, Lu R (…) Chen L et 4 al. in Int J Surg
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