Identified risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation in colonoscopy

A meta-analysis of 154 studies involving 358,257 participants identified 48 unique risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) before colonoscopy. Key sociodemographic predictors included Medicaid insurance, obesity, and male sex, while comorbidities such as psychiatric disease and diabetes also played significant roles. Medication use, particularly tricyclic antidepressants and opioids, exacerbated risk. These findings aim to inform the development of a validated prediction model to enhance colonoscopy outcomes and minimize healthcare costs.