Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer incidence continues to rise.

Between 1990 and 2021, gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC) saw a substantial increase, with new cases rising by 101.09% and deaths by 74.26%. In 2021, there were approximately 216,768 new cases and 171,961 deaths globally, predominantly affecting females and older adults. Although age-standardized incidence and death rates have trended downward over the years, projections indicate a steady rise in raw numbers through 2045. Effective strategies aimed at major risk factors are urgently needed.