Current strategies in immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers include immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine therapies, and novel approaches like CAR-T therapy. Clinical trials demonstrate significant benefits, although challenges such as immunosuppression and adverse effects remain. Future directions emphasize overcoming barriers, improving patient selection, and developing new treatments, including toll-like receptor-directed therapies. Ongoing research is essential to enhance the effectiveness of these immunotherapies and maximize patient outcomes.
Review by El Fil S, Uwishema O (…) Mshaymesh S et 3 al. in Ann Med Surg (Lond)
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