Osteopenia and osteosarcopenia forecast outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers.

A systematic review identified osteopenia as a significant prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in gastrointestinal cancer patients, with pooled hazard ratios of 2.20 and 2.15, respectively. Patients with osteosarcopenia faced threefold higher mortality and increased recurrence risk, highlighted by pooled hazard ratios of 2.96 and 2.75. These findings underscore the importance of integrating musculoskeletal assessments into oncological care to enhance timely interventions and improve patient outcomes.