Endoscopic approaches have advanced significantly in managing gastrointestinal perforations, leaks, and fistulae, offering a safer alternative to traditional surgery. Recent innovations like closure devices, internal drainage, and vacuum therapy have expanded treatment options, emphasizing a customized, multidisciplinary approach. Clinicians noted that these techniques lower the risk of morbidity and mortality, though challenges remain due to the lack of standardized algorithms for treatment. Ultimately, endotherapy represents a promising avenue for addressing these complex gastrointestinal conditions.
Review by Hoffman A, Atreya R (…) Neurath MF et 2 al. in Visc Med
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