Advances in treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer emphasize personalized, risk-adapted strategies that enhance oncologic control while preserving functionality. These methodologies allow for tailored approaches based on individual risk factors. Total neoadjuvant therapy is becoming the standard for advanced cases, improving systemic control and compliance. Notably, response-based adaptations enable some patients to skip radiation or surgery altogether, highlighting the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in reducing treatment toxicity. Continuous research is needed to refine predictive biomarkers for optimal patient outcomes.
Review by Pakvisal N, Pappas L (…) Parikh A et 2 al. in J Clin Med