Combining biliary stenting with intraluminal 125 I seed brachytherapy significantly improves outcomes for advanced cholangiocarcinoma patients.

• Patients receiving the combination treatment had a longer overall survival and better stent patency (p < 0.001) compared to those with stenting alone.
• Complication rates were comparable between both groups, indicating safety (p > 0.85).

Integrating this technique could enhance surgical intervention effectiveness without compromising patient safety.