Surgical patients face significant risk factors for chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) that can inform preoperative assessments.

• 21 risk factors linked to increased CPSP risk were identified; 15 factors had a significant association (p < 0.001).
• Key contributors include age, obesity, low income, smoking, insufficient sleep, and pre-existing health conditions.

Targeting these factors can enhance pain management strategies and optimize patient selection for surgery.

• High-sodium diets and certain hematological indicators also elevate CPSP risk (p < 0.05).