Surgical approaches for large phaeochromocytomas matter: minimally invasive techniques reduce severe complications.

• Patients with tumours ≥ 6 cm faced significantly higher severe complication rates (11.2% vs. 4.8%; p < 0.001).
• Tumour size ≥ 6 cm is an independent predictor of complications (odds ratio 1.93; p < 0.001).

Choosing laparoscopic or robotic adrenalectomy for large tumours can lower morbidity compared to open surgery.

• Minimally invasive surgery was linked to lower complications (laparoscopic OR 0.33; robotic OR 0.40).