Surgeons should be aware that specific gun policies can significantly lower firearm-related death and suicide rates.

• Safety training requirements lead to a 29% reduction in death rates (p < .01).
• Permit requirements decrease suicide rates by 15.9% (p < .05).

Targeting these policies in surgical practice may enhance patient safety and community health outcomes.

• The effectiveness of tracing policies improved over time, with death rate reductions increasing from 6.1% to 30.6% from 2003 to 2022 (p < .01).