Effective teamwork in the operating room significantly influences patient safety and surgical outcomes.

• Surgeons scored highest in teamwork and leadership, while circulating staff excelled in checklist completion and communication.
• Gender dynamics affected teamwork scores; male surgeons received lower ratings when their respondents were female.

Longer surgeries (over 3 hours) correlated with lower teamwork and communication scores.

Targeted education could enhance collaboration and reduce bias in surgical teams.