• Early mortality rises with surgical delay: 3.6% (0-1 days) to 7.1% (≥9 days).
• Bowel resection rates increase from 18.0% to 24.5% as delays lengthen.

Timely surgical intervention is critical to improve patient survival and reduce long-term recurrence rates.

• Non-operative treatment leads to recurrence in 23.5% vs. 8.8% for surgical patients; laparoscopic surgery further lowers recurrence to 7.2%.