This study reveals that resident participation in robotic cholecystectomy and inguinal hernia repair significantly varies by operative phase and training level, highlighting potential training gaps.

• Residents participated 72.1% overall in robotic cholecystectomies, with the lowest involvement in the dissection phase (50.7%) and higher rates in clipping (90.5%) and removal (89.4%).
• For inguinal hernia repairs, overall participation was 57.4%, with dissection at 44.8% and reconstruction at 72.5%.
• Senior residents had significantly more involvement across all phases compared to juniors, particularly in dissection and reconstruction.

Understanding these phase-specific participation metrics can help refine surgical training approaches and improve resident autonomy.