Most CGSO fellowship graduates do not publish consistently after training

Only 43% of graduates published after at least two years in independent practice, and just 10% did basic or translational research. Among 232 graduates, 118 (51%) practiced at university-based flagship hospitals, where publication was strongly associated with output.

• Graduates at university-based flagship hospitals averaged 7.1 publications versus 2.8 elsewhere.
• Publications before and during fellowship, and years since graduation, were also linked to more output.

Fellowship programs that stress research should consider separate clinical and research tracks, since most graduates do not sustain academic output.