In a phase 2 study involving 117 patients with early-stage mismatch repair-deficient solid tumors, neoadjuvant dostarlimab led to high rates of clinical complete responses. Specifically, all patients in cohort 1 with locally advanced rectal cancer opted for nonoperative management. Among cohort 2, 35 out of 54 also achieved a complete response. Remarkably, 92% of patients […]
Category: Intestine and Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Complete closure reduces delayed postpolypectomy bleeding risk.
In a study analyzing 1,259 colorectal polyps from 1,025 patients, complete closure using titanium clips significantly reduced the incidence of delayed postpolypectomy bleeding (DPPB) to 3.6%. Factors influencing DPPB included male gender and polyp size, both immutable, while incomplete closure presented a higher risk. Logistic regression supported these findings, underscoring the importance of full closure […]
Colorectal cancer incidence rises in Ghana, demanding urgent policy reform
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly prevalent in Ghana, often diagnosed at younger ages and later stages, which leads to poorer survival rates. Key challenges identified include limited healthcare resources, inadequate screening, and sociocultural barriers that affect treatment access. The study emphasizes the need for enhanced healthcare infrastructure and recommends robust surveillance systems, tailored guidelines, and […]
AI system enhances polyp detection in colonoscopy
The developed AI-assisted system significantly improves the detection and localization of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy. Out of five CNN models tested, EfficientNetV2 excelled, achieving an accuracy of 93.3% and a specificity of 94.6% on the test set. The system’s performance metrics, including a high AUC of 0.983, suggest its potential for clinical applications, as illustrated […]
Tumor volume and reduction predict colorectal liver metastases outcomes
Evaluation of total metastases volume (TMV) and relative volume reduction (RVR) reveals their superior predictive ability over established clinical risk scores (CRS) for colorectal liver metastases post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with TMV below 29.5 ml before and 7.5 ml after therapy had significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). An RVR of at least […]
Key risk factors for readmission after colorectal cancer surgery identified
A meta-analysis revealed a 11.73% rate of unplanned readmissions within 31 days post-colorectal cancer surgery. Significant risk factors include age, postoperative complications, advanced tumor stage, rectal tumor site, stoma creation, complicated diabetes, Charlson comorbidity index, blood transfusions, longer hospital stays, and surgical approach. Additionally, being female emerged as a protective factor. The findings emphasize the […]
High success rate for new anal fistula surgery technique
A sphincter-preserving total fistulectomy technique demonstrated a 97.7% cure rate and a low recurrence rate of 0.7% in 618 patients treated for anal fistulas. No instances of severe postoperative faecal incontinence were recorded, with an overall incontinence rate of just 0.7%. While supralevatoric fistulas showed a higher non-cure rate, and unclassifiable ones had an increased […]
Persistent postoperative inflammation increases risk of muscle loss.
A study involving 193 colon cancer patients revealed that only those with persistent postoperative inflammation faced a heightened risk of muscle wasting and poor prognosis. Groups characterized by consistent high inflammation demonstrated significant increases in muscle loss compared to those with low inflammation. Elevated inflammation was identified as an independent risk factor for postoperative sarcopenia, […]
Colectomy rates for ulcerative colitis decrease in Brazil.
A significant rise in ulcerative colitis prevalence was noted in Brazil, escalating from 17.31 to 84.23 per 100,000 between 2012 and 2022, with an annual increase of 15%. Conversely, while colectomy procedures accounted for 69.4% of surgeries, the percentage relative to total UC patients decreased to 0.7%, reflecting an 11.8% decline. Additionally, hospitalization rates dropped […]
Anemia and ICG-FI Use Increase Risk of Leakage
A study of 304 rectal cancer surgery patients revealed that moderate or severe anemia and non-use of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (ICG-FI) are significant independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage. Preoperative anemia correction and routine ICG-FI application may reduce this risk. The analysis calculated an odds ratio of 9.94 for anemia and 10.40 for ICG-FI […]