A comprehensive meta-analysis identified several modifiable environmental factors associated with gallbladder cancer (GBC). Key risk factors included body mass index, waist circumference, and bile duct infections, all showing moderately high credibility in longitudinal studies. Interestingly, higher education levels correlated with reduced GBC risk. With 350 meta-analyses from 215 studies covering multiple exposure domains, the findings highlight the need for further prospective studies to better understand these associations and inform preventive strategies in high-incidence regions.
Review by Piovani D, Nikolopoulos GK (…) Bonovas S et 5 al. in Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
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