The study analyzes over 514,000 major surgeries and reveals that the combination of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases long-term mortality risk. Results indicate that higher CKD stages correspond to markedly elevated mortality rates in patients with CVD, with hazard ratios rising from 1.38 for stage III to 2.70 for stage V. Thus, understanding the interaction between these conditions is crucial for risk assessment in surgical outcomes.
Journal Article by Zamani N, Sharath SE and Kougias P in Am J Surg
Published by Elsevier Inc.