A systematic review revealed that among 8,458 bile duct samples with indeterminate cytology, the overall risk of malignancy was 60.1%. Specifically, atypical cytology had a malignancy risk of 50.4%, while suspicious cytology exhibited a higher risk at 80.2%. Furthermore, suspicious cytology significantly correlated with a 1.59-fold increased risk of malignancy compared to atypical results. These findings underscore the importance of accurate preoperative risk assessment in patients with biliary strictures.
Journal Article by Lieb KR, Williams ZE (…) Dhir M et 2 al. in Ann Surg Oncol
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