Significant advancements in treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have emerged, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations that increase median survival to over two years, with some patients exceeding five years. Despite this, recent studies found no improvement in recurrence-free survival with adjuvant ICI therapy. However, combining ICI therapies with transarterial chemoembolization has shown enhanced progression-free survival, prompting critical questions regarding patient selection and treatment sequencing for optimal outcomes tailored to individual circumstances.
Review by Singal AG, Salem R, Pinato DJ and Pillai A in Gastroenterology
Copyright © 2025 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.