For T1 superficial esophageal cancer patients with non-curative endoscopic resection, additional surgical resection significantly enhances survival outcomes.

• Overall survival rates at 5 years: 91.4% for surgical resection vs. 78.2% for non-surgical.
• Recurrence-free survival rates at 5 years: 83.6% for surgical vs. 73.8% for non-surgical.

Surgical intervention is critical for improving long-term survival, especially in high-risk patients.

• Disease-specific survival at 5 years: 97.8% for surgical vs. 91.1% for non-surgical.