The T-MOD PD framework identifies preventable mortality opportunities after pancreatoduodenectomy, crucial for improving surgical outcomes.

• 57% of deaths linked to postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), with 38% occurring in an early, surgery-related, modifiable context.
• 74% of deaths classified as surgery-attributable potentially preventable.

Surgeons can target interventions based on identified phenotypes to enhance patient safety and outcomes.

• Median 72-hour delays in recognizing complications suggest significant opportunities for earlier intervention.