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Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ·

Composite Outcomes Improve Survival in Esophagogastric Surgery

Achieving textbook outcomes (TO) and textbook oncological outcomes (TOO) is linked to significantly better overall survival and disease-free survival after gastric and esophageal cancer surgeries.

  • For gastrectomy, patients who achieved TO/TOO had a 40% reduction in overall survival risk (HR 0.60) and a 46% reduction in disease-free survival risk (HR 0.54).
  • For esophagectomy, the overall survival risk decreased by 31% (HR 0.69) and disease-free survival risk by 31% (HR 0.69).

Standardizing the definitions of TO/TOO could enhance comparability and outcomes in surgical practice.

Review by Mobarak S, Ahmed HK (…) Alkhaffaf BH et 3 al. in Ann Surg Oncol

© 2026. The Author(s).

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