Neoadjuvant immunotherapy shows promise for rectal cancer, challenging traditional surgical approaches. In microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cases, clinical complete response rates hit 100%, allowing some patients to avoid surgery. For microsatellite stable (MSS) patients, post-treatment surgery rates ranged from 57.6% to 100%, with watch-and-wait strategies used in up to 27.1%. The variability in treatment outcomes underscores […]
Category: Intestine and Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Key Factors in Reducing Anastomotic Leakage Risk in Gastrointestinal Surgery
Anastomotic leakage (AL) poses a significant threat to recovery in gastrointestinal surgeries. Key risk factors include ASA scores of 3-4, male gender, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Preoperative mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics can markedly decrease AL incidence. Additionally, intraoperative techniques—like collagen sealants and indocyanine green imaging—effectively mitigate risks. However, NSAID use correlates […]
Preoperative Factors Dominate Surgery Choice for Small Bowel Obstruction
In small bowel obstruction cases, younger patients with fewer comorbidities are more likely to undergo laparoscopic surgery, which is linked to fewer complications and lower mortality compared to open surgery. Etiology plays a key role; adhesive obstructions favor laparoscopy while hernias prompt open procedures. Notable predictors of conversion from laparoscopic to open include abdominal malignancy […]
Hepatectomy Enhances Survival in Colorectal Cancer with Multiple Liver Metastases
Patients with unresectable colorectal cancer and 10+ liver metastases experience notable survival benefits from hepatic resection combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and systemic therapy. Three-year survival rates soar to 39.2% for surgery approaches, compared to just 18.6% and 8.2% for RFA plus systemic therapy and systemic therapy alone, respectively. This retrospective cohort study analyzes 373 […]
Methylene Blue Reduces Postoperative Pain After Hemorrhoid Surgery
Methylene blue effectively alleviates postoperative pain and decreases analgesic use in hemorrhoid surgery patients. A meta-analysis of six studies with 598 participants revealed significant pain reduction within 12 hours post-surgery, along with lower analgesic requirements. Importantly, methylene blue demonstrated a safety profile without increasing complications. These results underscore the potential of methylene blue as a […]
Indocyanine Green Outshines Endoscopic Ultrasound in Colorectal Cancer Node Detection
Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging significantly surpasses endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in diagnosing sentinel and lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. With sensitivities of 94.44% for sentinel nodes and 80.00% for lymph nodes, ICG proved far more accurate than EUS, which lagged at 40.74% and 28.57%, respectively. The area under the curve for ICG was […]
Achieving YpN0 Status Significantly Enhances Survival in Rectal Cancer
Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who achieve YpN0 status after neoadjuvant therapy show promising survival rates. In a cohort from the FOWARC trial, five-year overall survival reached 88% for natural N0 and 89% for downstaged N0, far surpassing the 73% survival in YpN+ patients (p=0.0034). This underscores YpN0’s role as an independent prognostic factor, […]
Two-week preoperative therapy shows comparable efficacy with less toxicity in rectal cancer
A two-week hypofractionated chemoradiotherapy regimen yielded similar tumor responses to conventional long-course treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. Analyses showed comparable rates of downstaging and tumor response between the two approaches. Notably, the two-week regimen significantly reduced gastrointestinal toxicity, with only 5.8% experiencing grade 2 or higher complications versus 13.2% in the standard group. This […]
Zero Post-Procedure Bleeding Achieved with New Closure Technique After Colon Resection
A prospective study of 1,133 patients undergoing colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) using the Perfect Closure (PC) technique reported zero instances of delayed bleeding. This innovative method involved secure clipping without gaps and avoided clip-on-clip placements. The average number of clips used was 4.71 per lesion, with an average tumor diameter of 8.0 mm. Monte […]
Robotic Surgery Outperforms Laparoscopy in Rectal Cancer Resection
A meta-analysis of 7 studies involving over 7,000 patients reveals robotic abdominoperineal resection significantly reduces conversion rates to open surgery (4.8% vs. 12.9%) and minimizes intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications. Furthermore, there’s a lower incidence of circumferential margin involvement with robotic techniques. While laparoscopic methods offered shorter surgical times, robotic approaches demonstrate superior short-term […]