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The Impact of Body Fat Location and Volume on Incisional Hernia Development and Outcomes

The study examined the relationship between different adipose tissue parameters and the incidence of incisional hernias (IH) after abdominal surgeries, as well as the outcomes of hernia repair. Thirteen studies were analyzed, showing that increased visceral and subcutaneous fat volume were associated with a higher likelihood of IH development. Higher fat levels also correlated with more challenging fascia closure during repair and increased recurrence rates. Conversely, body mass index (BMI) did not show a significant association. Preoperative measurement of visceral and subcutaneous fat composition can be a valuable tool for assessing IH risk.

Review by Li J, Wu L and Shao X in ANZ J Surg

© 2024 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

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Presence of Enterococcus spp. in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract is a Risk Factor for Mortality in Pancreatic Cancer Surgery

A recent study conducted at a German pancreatic center investigated the role of microbiota in perioperative outcomes of pancreatic head resections. The study utilized 16s rrna sequencing and microbial culturing to analyze samples collected from various gastrointestinal sites of 101 patients undergoing surgery. The findings revealed that the presence of Enterococcus spp. in the upper gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts significantly increased the risk of perioperative infections, leading to elevated postoperative and long-term mortality rates in patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic cancer.

Journal Article by Stein-Thoeringer CK, Renz BW (…) Ilmer M et 14 al. in Ann Surg

Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Effectiveness of Laparoscopic Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery for Stomach Preservation in Early Gastric Cancer: 5-Year Results

Analysis of the SENORITA trial comparing laparoscopic standard gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery (LSNNS) for early gastric cancer (EGC) found that there was no significant difference in the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), or disease-specific survival (DSS) between the two groups. Although gastric cancer-related events were more common in the LSNNS group, recurring cancers in the remnant stomach were successfully treated with additional surgery or endoscopic resection. Given the benefits on quality of life, LSNNS could be considered as an alternative treatment option for EGC.

Journal Article by Hur H, Lee YJ (…) Ryu KW et 14 al. in Ann Surg

Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Gad2 immunohistochemistry is a highly specific diagnostic tool for identifying pancreatic origin in neuroendocrine neoplasms

Researchers analyzed a large number of tissue samples and found that gad2 immunohistochemistry is a highly specific diagnostic marker for neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas. The expression of gad2 was only observed in a few normal cell types, making it a potential diagnostic tool. It was found to be most commonly seen in neuroendocrine carcinomas and tumors of the pancreas, followed by other tumor entities. Combining gad2 with progesterone receptor expression increased both sensitivity and specificity for determining a pancreatic origin in neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Journal Article by Lennartz M, Benjamin Dünnebier N (…) Bernreuther C et 26 al. in Am J Surg Pathol

Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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Surgeon-Scientists in the US: Increasing in Number, Grant Costs, and Gender Diversity

The study reveals that the number of surgeon-scientists funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the US has increased, with a higher proportion engaged in basic science research rather than clinical research. In fiscal year 2022, 1,324 surgeon-scientists were awarded $1.3 billion in grants, and the percentage of female surgeon principal investigators (PIs) rose to 31.3%. The findings also highlight the growing diversity among surgeon PIs, with Asian and white surgeons being the most represented. The study demonstrates the persistent growth and research productivity of surgeon-scientists despite the challenges they face.

Journal Article by Demblowski LA, Steinberg SM (…) Zeiger MA et 2 al. in JAMA Surg

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Evaluating the Performance of GPT-4 on Surgical Knowledge Assessments

Large language model GPT-4, specifically the chatbot version ChatGPT, demonstrates near or above human-level performance on surgical knowledge assessments from two widely used question banks. In open-ended questions, ChatGPT answers accurately to 47.9% and 66.1% of questions, while for multiple-choice questions, it achieves accuracy rates of 71.3% and 67.9%. However, inconsistencies in responses on repeat queries raise concerns regarding the safe and reliable application of large language models like ChatGPT in the clinical setting.

Journal Article by Beaulieu-Jones BR, Berrigan MT (…) Brat GA et 3 al. in BMC Surg

Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Predictors of Spontaneous Passage of Ingested Foreign Bodies in Adults

The study aimed to identify predictors for spontaneous passage of foreign bodies in adults by analyzing their characteristics, such as type, length, and location. A retrospective 12-year study included 365 patients, and the overall rate of spontaneous passage was 53.7%. Food impaction had a passage rate of 47.9%, sharp objects 44.3%, blunt objects 88.7%, and long blunt objects had the lowest rate at 22.2%. Esophageal location was associated with a lower spontaneous passage rate compared to the stomach and intestines. The study also determined the maximum length for spontaneous passage in the stomach and small intestine.

Journal Article by Sbeit W, Basheer M (…) Khoury T et 2 al. in Surg Endosc

© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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Preoperative Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Reduces Infection Risk in Crohn’s Disease Patients Undergoing Intestinal Surgery

Preoperative exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) significantly decreases the risk of skin and soft tissue infections and intra-abdominal septic complications in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients undergoing intestinal surgery, according to a meta-analysis of 14 nonrandomized cohort studies. The relative risk of intra-abdominal septic complications was reduced by 2.1-fold, and the risk of skin and soft tissue infection decreased by 1.6-fold in patients receiving EEN. No significant differences were found in surgical duration, bowel resection length, or blood loss. These findings suggest that preoperative nutritional support with EEN should be considered for CD patients requiring bowel resection surgery.

Journal Article by Krasnovsky L, Weber AT (…) Lewis JD et 2 al. in Inflamm Bowel Dis

© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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The laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal technique is a safe and effective option for emergency inguinal and femoral hernia repair

A retrospective study compared the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) technique with the open technique for emergency groin hernia repair. The TAPP group had younger patients with less severe clinical scenarios, while the open group had a higher incidence of bowel herniation and required more bowel resections. The TAPP group had shorter hospital stays and fewer severe postoperative complications, although there were no differences in readmission or recurrence rates. The study suggests that TAPP is a valuable option for selected patients in emergency hernia repair.

Journal Article by Sbacco V, Petrucciani N (…) Garulli G et 4 al. in Langenbecks Arch Surg

© 2024. The Author(s).

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Feasibility and Safety of Vessel-Sparing Robotic Sigmoidectomy for Adenocarcinoma

The study assessed the feasibility, safety, and clinical utility of a vessel-sparing approach in totally robotic sigmoidectomy for adenocarcinoma. The results showed that the completely vessel-sparing technique was feasible and safe, with a median of 21 examined lymph nodes and zero positive lymph nodes. The operative time was around 240 minutes, and there were no conversions to open surgery or anastomotic leaks. These findings highlight the potential of the vessel-sparing precision technique for achieving oncological radicality while preserving essential vascular structures.

Journal Article by Huscher CGS, Cobellis F and Lazzarin G in Langenbecks Arch Surg

© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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