Recent advancements in nanorobotics are set to transform gastrointestinal (GI) surgery by integrating nanoscale engineering, synthetic biology, and AI. This review highlights significant breakthroughs in the development of surgical nanorobots, including autonomous tumor ablation and closed-loop therapeutic feedback. Challenges such as autonomy, off-target effects, and ethical considerations are discussed, alongside the need for an integrated approach to facilitate translation to clinical practice. The findings suggest that surgical nanorobotics could become a cornerstone of next-generation therapeutic strategies.
Review by Rui Z, Mehdizadeh S, Abasi M and Pilehvar Y in J Robot Surg
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.