A recent retrospective study involving 1,011 patients identified critical size thresholds for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). For grade 1 tumors, a 0.7 cm cut-off showed 100% sensitivity and 79% specificity, indicating minimal recurrence risk. Conversely, grade 1 tumors with lymphovascular invasion necessitated a 1.5 cm cut-off. Grade 2 NENs, which exhibited a 22.9% lymph node […]
Category: Sarcoma & rare tumors
Machine learning model improves survival predictions for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
A novel machine learning model has been developed by researchers to predict survival in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs), a condition traditionally associated with poor prognosis. Utilizing data from 1430 patients, the model employed the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and integrated ten prognostic factors. It demonstrated strong predictive accuracy, achieving area under the receiver […]
Integrated care pathways enhance sarcoma treatment efficiency
A digital platform, ShapeHub, is proposed to streamline sarcoma care by integrating patient data across multiple healthcare providers. The initiative aims to address care fragmentation that often leads to delays and redundant testing. In a case study within the Swiss sarcoma network, ShapeHub demonstrated significant improvements in diagnostic pathways, decreased unplanned surgeries, and optimized radiotherapy […]
Serum EV-MDM2 Levels May Indicate Liposarcoma Recurrence
Elevated levels of extracellular vesicle (EV) MDM2-DNA in retroperitoneal liposarcoma patients suggest this biomarker could identify disease recurrence. In a study involving 42 patients, EV-MDM2 levels were significantly higher in individuals with well-differentiated or dedifferentiated liposarcoma compared to healthy controls. Post-surgery, levels dropped but rose again during follow-up for some, aligning with imaging evidence of […]
Gradient boosting model predicts liver metastasis in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
A study utilizing data from 7,463 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanET) patients developed a gradient boosting machine (GBM) model, marking it as the most effective tool for predicting liver metastasis. The model achieved an AUC of 0.937 and an accuracy of 0.87, highlighting independent risk factors like T-stage, N-stage, and previous treatments. It culminated in a […]
Endoscopic resection proves effective for certain esophageal tumors
The study identifies significant clinicopathological differences between esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (e-gist) and gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (g-gist), noting e-gist’s stronger male predominance, older median age, and increased tumor size and ulceration. Remarkably, endoscopic resection (ER) is found to be comparably effective to surgical resection for selected e-gist patients (tumors ≤5 cm without ulceration), with […]
Incomplete resections lead to high rates of residual tumors
A significant 48.4% of patients undergoing salvage local resection (SLR) for incompletely resected rectal neuroendocrine tumors (r-NETs) had residual tumors. Rates varied by resection method: 70% for cold forceps polypectomy, 41.7% for conventional polypectomy/endoscopic mucosal resection, and 0% for modified techniques. Multivariate analysis indicated that suspected remnant tumors and the use of cold forceps were […]
AI Model Outperforms Clinicians in Tumor Differentiation
An artificial intelligence model employing endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has demonstrated effective differentiation between small gastric stromal tumors (GSTs) and gastric leiomyomas (GLs). Utilizing a dataset of 358 EUS images, the ResNet50 architecture achieved impressive area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.994 and 0.911 for micro and small tumors respectively. In comparison, clinicians and clinical […]
Distinct prognostic implications observed in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Findings indicate significant differences between insulinomas and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (nf-pnens) regarding prognosis and tumor biology. nf-pnens exhibited higher rates of lymph node involvement, perineural invasion, and more advanced tumor grades. The study’s multivariate analysis revealed that nf-pnens with lymph node metastasis and high grading correlated with reduced recurrence-free survival. Genetically, distinct somatic mutations […]
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor resections lead to poorer outcomes
Observational data indicate that pancreatic resections for neuroendocrine tumors (pnet) result in a significantly lower rate of ideal outcomes compared to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pdac) patients. The ideal outcome rate was 47.7% for pnet versus 55.7% for pdac, primarily due to a fourfold increase in postoperative pancreatic fistulas after pancreatoduodenectomy for pnet. This difference emphasizes […]